marscon1

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOUNDING
CONVENTION OF THE MARS SOCIETY

Part I, Ed. Robert M. Zubrin, Maggie Zubrin, 1999, 404p,
Soft Cover (ISBN 0-912183-12-8) list price: ~~$40.00~~, New: $20.00
Society Member price: ~~$30.00~~ New: $15.00

Part II, Ed. Robert M. Zubrin, Maggie Zubrin, 1999, 408p,
Soft Cover (ISBN 0-912183-13-6) list price: ~~$40.00~~, New: $20.00
Society Member price:~~$30.00~~ New: $15.00

Part III, Ed. Robert M. Zubrin, Maggie Zubrin, 1999, 400p,
Soft cover (ISBN 0-912183-14-4) list price: ~~$40.00~~, New: $20.00
Society Member price: ~~$30.00~~ New: $15.00

CONTENTS

Page
Foreword, Robert and Maggie Zubrin    xv
The Founding Convention of the Mars Society, Richard Wagner     xvii
The Founding Declaration of the Mars Society    xxi

Part I

CHAPTER 1: PLENARY TALKS 1

Opening Address to The Founding Convention of The Mars Society (MAR 98-001), Robert Zubrin 3
Mars: The Case for Life (MAR 98-003), Christopher P. McKay 17

CHAPTER 2: HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MARS 25

Civilizations at the Crossroads: Spain and China in the 15th Century (MAR 98-004), Wayne H. Bowen 27
On the Legitimization, Importance and Duty of Colonizing Mars (MAR 98-005), Josef Oehmen 33
The Race to Settle Mars - Earth Having a Baby - What’s it Worth to the Parent Civilization? (MAR 98-006), Peter Perrine 37
Mars Exploration: The Survival of Our Civilization (MAR 98-007), E. G. Petrakakis 47
Reassessing the Human Condition: Philosophical Aspects of Mars Exploration (MAR 98-008), Richard L. Poss 51

CHAPTER 3: HISTORICAL LESSONS 61

The Outward Course of Empire: The Hard, Cold Lessons from Euro-American Involvement in the Terrestrial Polar Regions (MAR 98-009), Marilyn Dudley-Rowley 63
A Shining City on a Higher Hill: Lessons From the Last Colonization of a ‘New World’ (MAR 98-010), James D. Heiser 73

CHAPTER 4: MOBILIZING THE PUBLIC 83

Is There a Short-Term Economic and Social Justification for Human Exploration and Settlement of Mars? (MAR 98-011), Robert E. Becker 85
Mars: Fostering Public Support (MAR 98-012), Sam Burbank 101
Planet Mars Home Page^©: Some Results After Three Years Operation (MAR 98-013), Thomas A. Gunn 109
How (Why and Under Which Conditions) Could International Cooperation Reinforce the Case for Mars (MAR 98-014), Richard Heidmann 117
Why NASA Might Never Launch a Manned Mission to Mars - The Devil’s Advocate (MAR 98-015), Fred Kelly 127
Mars Needs Guitars (MAR 98-016), M. R. Jardin 133
Yes, But Will the People Support Us? - Engaging Our Customers in the Mars Exploration Adventure (MAR 98-017), Humboldt C. Mandell, Jr. 143
Human Mission from Planet Earth: Technology Assessment and Social Forecasting of Moon/Mars Synergies (MAR 98-018), Eligar Sadeh and Evan Vlachos 151
Making it Happen (MAR 98-019), Jonathan Stabb 169
A Socially Supportable Mars Colonization Program: Earth Mars Ambassadors (MAR 98-020), Philip A. Turek 175
The Gen-X Rallying Cry? To Mars? Gen-X Needs a Cause, and That Cause Should Be Space (MAR 98-021) George T. Whitesides 187

CHAPTER 5: VOICES OF YOUTH 191

Our Future on Mars from My Perspective as a Twelve Year Old (MAR 98-022), Kathleen B. Bohné 193
The Hakluyt Prize Letter (MAR 98-023), Adrian Hon 195

CHAPTER 6: EDUCATION AND THE ARTS 197

Secondary Mars Education: Faster, Better, Cheaper (MAR 98-024), Thomas W. Becker 199
Growing the Future (MAR 98-025), Charmin P. Gerardy 223
The Frontier of Mars as an Agriscience Classroom: Terrafarming Mars (MAR 98-026), Larry Payne 231
Teaching from Mars (MAR 98-027), Gabriel F. Rshaid 237
Preparing for the Journey: An Introduction to Mars Education (MAR 98-028), Donald M. Scott 243
From Bradbury to Blamont: The Science of Mars in the Arts (MAR 98-029), Michael Carroll 253

CHAPTER 7: PRIVATE FUNDING FOR MARS MISSIONS 257

A Sponsoring Concept for Manned Missions to Mars (MAR 98-030), Michael Bosch 259
Conducting Mars Exploration on a Private Basis by Reviving the “East India Company” Financing Model (MAR 98-031), John Q. Coston 269
Private Sector Mars Wake-Up Call for Non-Government Participation (MAR 98-032), Thomas A. Gunn 275
Thinking About Martian Economics (MAR 98-033), Edward L. Hudgins 285
The Business of Commercializing Space (MAR 98-034), David M. Livingston 289
Funding The First Human Expedition to Mars (MAR 98-035), George Osorio 299
Promoting Privately Funded Settlement of Mars (MAR 98-036), Alan B. Wasser 311

CHAPTER 8: ROBOTIC EXPLORATION 315

Navigation and Mobility Systems Architecture for Planetary Rovers (MAR 98-037), Pablo Flores 317
On the Development of Airborne Science Platforms for Martian Exploration (MAR 98-038), David W. Hall and Robert W. Parks 323
Reducing Risk and Complexity of Rover and Robotic Operations on Mars (MAR 98-039), Russell R. Mellon and Thomas R. Meyer 337
Soil Sampling on Mars (MAR 98-040), John L. Paterson 343
Marsplane - Flying on Mars with Existing Aircraft (MAR 98-041), Fabrizio Pirondini 353
Autonomous Rovers for Human Exploration of Mars (MAR 98-042),John Bresina, Gregory A. Dorais, Keith Golden, David E. Smith and Richard Washington 369

Part II

CHAPTER 9: SOFTWARE AND AUTONOMY 379

Using COTS Software for Mars Missions (MAR 98-043), Ned Chapin 381
Adjustable Autonomy for Human-Centered Autonomous Systems on Mars (MAR 98-044),Gregory A. Dorais, R. Peter Bonasso, David Kortenkamp, Barney Pell and Debra Schreckenghost 397
Model-Based Autonomy for Robust Mars Operations (MAR 98-045), James A. Kurien, P. Pandurang Nayak and Brian C. Williams 421

CHAPTER 10: THE QUESTION OF LIFE 435

Life on Mars: Evidence Within Martian Meteorites (MAR 98-046), Everett K. Gibson, Jr., David S. McKay and Kathie Thomas-Keprta 437
ESA Exobiology Activities (MAR 98-047), Gerhard Kminek 449
Preserving Possible Martian Life (MAR 98-048), Mark Lupisella 457
The Ethical Ramifications of Discovering Life on Mars (MAR 98-049), Katherine Osborne 481
Interplanetary Biological Transfer of Bacteria Entrapped in Small Meteorites:
Analysis of Bacterial Resistance to Impact in Ballistic Experiments (MAR 98-050), C.-A. H. Roten, A. Galluser, G. D. Borruat, S. D. Udry, G. Niederhäuser, A. Croxatto, O. Blanc, S. De Carlo, C. K. Mubenga-Kabambi and D. Karamata 485

CHAPTER 11: TECHNOLOGIES FOR HUMAN EXPLORATION 501

MARSSAT: Assured Communication with Mars (MAR 98-051), Thomas Gangale 503
Mobility of Large Manned Rovers on Mars (MAR 98-052), George William Herbert 515
Boosters for Manned Missions to Mars, Past and Present (MAR 98-053), Scott Lowther 529
An RLV / Shuttle Compatible Habitation System (MAR 98-054), Kurt Anthony Micheels 555
Aresam: Student Concept of Future Mars Space Station (MAR 98-055), Jonathon Smith and Jim Bishop 567
Current Progress in Water Reclamation Technology (MAR 98-056), Bradley S. Tice 573
Design of a Nuclear-Powered Rover for Lunar or Martian Exploration (MAR 98-057), Holly R. Trellue, Rachelle Trautner, Michael G. Houts, David I. Poston, Kenji Giovig, J. A. Baca and R. J. Lipinski 577

CHAPTER 12: POWER ON MARS 585

Surviving on Mars Without Nuclear Energy (MAR 98-058), George James, Gregory Chamitoff and Donald Barker 587
Near-Term, Low-Cost Space Fission Systems (MAR 98-059), Michael G. Houts, David I. Poston, Marc V. Berte and William J. Emrich, Jr. 611

CHAPTER 13: ACCESSING MARTIAN RESOURCES 621

Artesian Basins on Mars: Implications for Settlement, Life-Search and Terraforming (MAR 98-060), Martyn J. Fogg 623
Drilling Operations to Support Human Mars Missions (MAR 98-061), Brian M. Frankie, Frank E. Tarzian, Scott Lowther and Trevor Wende 637
Extraction of Atmospheric Water on Mars in Support of the Mars Reference Mission (MAR 98-062), M. R. Grover, M. O. Hilstad, L. M. Elias, K. G. Carpenter, M. A. Schneider, C. S. Hoffman, S. Adan-Plaza and A. P. Bruckner 659
A Comparison of In Situ Resource Utilization Options for the First Human Mars Missions (MAR 98-063), Kristian Pauly 681
Producing a Brick from a Martian Soil Simulate (MAR 98-064), David Seymour 695
The Case for a Mars Base ISRU Refinery (MAR 98-097), Kelly R. McMillen and Thomas R. Meyer 699

CHAPTER 14: HUMAN FACTORS 709

Coping With Effects of Enforced Intimacy on Long Duration Space Flight (MAR 98-065), Lara Battles 711
On Our Best Behavior: Optimization of Group Functioning on the Early Mars Missions (MAR 98-066), Vadim I. Gushin and Marilyn Dudley-Rowley 717
Mars Mission Operations (MAR 98-067), Kenneth E. Peek 723
At What Risk is it Acceptable to Commit to a Manned Mars Mission? (MAR 98-068), Dennis G. Pelaccio and Joseph R. Fragola 729
The Case for Nurses as Key Contributors to Mars Exploration Teams (MAR 98-069), Mary Ellen Symanski 743
Man and Extended Space Flight: Mental and Physiological Factors (MAR 98-070), Bradley S. Tice 751
Who Should Go to Mars (MAR 98-071), Paul VanSteensburg 755

Part III

CHAPTER 15: MEDICAL ISSUES 761

No Means They Can Go (MAR 98-072), Thomas J. Burke and Michael C. Trachtenberg 763
The Effects of Variable Gravity on the Life Cycle of Tenebrio Molitor (MAR 98-073), Amy M. Davis 767
Nutritional Supplements as Radioprotectors: A Review and Proposal (MAR 98-074), Anthony C. Muscatello 773
Running to Mars: Exercise Countermeasures for Mars Astronauts (MAR 98-075), Erik Seedhouse 787

CHAPTER 16: MISSION STRATEGIES 791

New Directions: Reevaluating the Lunar Refueling Option (MAR 98-076), J. D. Beegle and H. L. Beegle 793
A Stepped Approach to the Moon and Mars (MAR 98-077), James A. Bickford 799
A Novel Space Transportation Concept Designed to Reduce Per-Mission Costs for Repeated Travel to/from a Celestial Body (MAR 98-078), Stephen Heppe 809
OneWay and Back: An Introduction to Comparative Missionology (MAR 98-079), George William Herbert 817
Phobos on the Cheap (MAR 98-080), George William Herbert 823
Free Return Trajectories for Mars Missions (MAR 98-081), Chris Hirata 831
Polar Landing Site for a First Mars Expedition (MAR 98-082), Geoffrey A. Landis 835

CHAPTER 17: LAW AND SOCIETY ON MARS 843

Martian Law (MAR 98-083), Edward L. Hudgins 845
Legislation and Space Law Concepts Proposed for the Eventual Industrialization of Mars by Man (MAR 98-084), James J. Hurtak 853
Martian Equality (MAR 98-085), Richard A. Jones 865
Mars Governance (MAR 98-086), Declan J. O’Donnell 873
The Politics of a Mars Colony (MAR 98-087), Kevin Archbold, Randall Hessler and Blaine Thompson 881
The Rights of Mars (MAR 98-088), Robert Zubrin 889

CHAPTER 18: TERRAFORMING MARS 893

Physiological Ecology of Terrestrial Microbes on a Terraformed Mars (MAR 98-089), James M. Graham and Linda E. Graham 895
Successional Stages in Terraforming Mars (MAR 98-090), James M. Graham and Linda E. Graham 901
Terraformation of Mars (MAR 98-091), Charles R. Hancox 905
An Ecological Approach to Terraforming, Mapping the Dream (MAR 98-092), Richard W. Miller 937
Ethics of Terraforming: A Practical System (MAR 98-093), George A. Smith 985
Terraforming Mars - Waterfield Reservoir Management (MAR 98-094), Patrick Whittome 1003

CHAPTER 19: CALENDARS AND TIMEKEEPING 1019

The Darian Calendar (MAR 98-095), Thomas Gangale 1021
The Millennium Mars Calendar (MAR 98-096), James M. Graham and Kandis Elliot 1031

APPENDIX 1035

Conference Sponsors 1036
Conference Schedule 1037
Conference Abstracts 1044

INDEX 1123

Order
Univelt, Inc.
P.O. Box 28130, San Diego, California 92198, USA
Tel. (760) 746-4005; Fax. (760) 746-3139.
Web Site: http://www.univelt.com