CONTENTS
Volume 102, Advances in the Astronautical Sciences,
Spaceflight Mechanics 1999

Page

FOREWORD    vii

PREFACE    ix

PLANETARY EXPLORATION AND ASTEROIDS    1

The Role of Independent Assessment in the International Space Station Program (AAS 99-100), Russell L. Strachan     3

A Viable Chemical/Aerobrake Architecture for Human Exploration of Mars (AAS 99-101), M. L. Cupples, C. A. Kluever and R. H. Kirchmyer     13

Lunar and Planetary Coronagraph Explorer (LAPLACE) Mission Design (AAS 99-102), Calina C. Seybold, Wallace T. Fowler and David C. Slater    33

Departure Energies, Trip Times and Entry Speeds for Human Mars Missions (AAS 99-103), Michelle M. Munk    39

Human Exploration of Mars: The Mars Surface Mission (AAS 99-104), Stephen J. Hoffman, Michael B. Duke, B. Kent Joosten and Whitney E. Knudson    51

Optimal Deflection of Earth-Approaching Asteroids (AAS 99-105), Bruce A. Conway    67

Mission Design for Mars Missions Using the Ariane ASAP Launch Capability (AAS 99-106), Paul A. Penzo    81

MISSION DESIGN AND ANALYSIS    93

Use of Lunar Gravity-Assists for Earth Orbit Plane Changes (AAS 99-107), Moriba Jah, Curtis Potterveld, Jonathan Rustick and Ronald Madler    95

Student Space Mission Prototyping Using TK Solver Plus^TM (AAS 99-110), Wallace Fowler and Mark Fischer    107

Earth Entry Trajectory Parametric Analyses Using the Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories (POST) (AAS 99-112), John E. Foster and Peter X. Bellini    121

A Future Look at Space Surveillance and Operations (AAS 99-113), David A. Vallado and Salvatore Alfano    139

STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND CONTROLS    159

Three-Phase Motion of Systems with Elastic Members (AAS 99-114), Shlomo Djerassi    161

Coning Stability Criteria and Optimal Passive Damping of Asymmetric Spinning Spacecraft Under Thrust (AAS 99-115), Dominic M. Halsmer    177

Fuel Slosh and Active Nutation Control Interaction Analysis Using Ellipsoidal Fuel Pendulums (AAS 99-116), Salma I. Saeed    189

Role of the Products of Inertia in Various Spacecraft Dynamics Problems (AAS 99-118), Trevor Williams    207

Understanding How Minimum-Time Control Optimizes Link Interaction Forces in Polar Coordinate Robots (AAS 99-119), Guido Giese, Richard W. Longman and H. Georg Bock    223

Trade-Offs in Designing Learning/Repetitive Controllers Using Zero-Phase Filtering for Long Term Stabilization (AAS 99-120), Richard W. Longman and Thuanthong Songchon    243

FORMATION FLYING AND CONSTELLATION MAINTENANCE    263

 Satellite Formation Flying Design and Evolution (AAS 99-121), Chris Sabol, Richard Burns and Craig A. McLaughlin     265

Exploiting Orbital Dynamics for Aperture Synthesis Using Distributed Satellite Systems: Applications to a Visible Earth Imager System (AAS 99-122), Edmund M. C. Kong, David W. Miller and Raymond J. Sedwick    285

Optimal Station Keeping Strategies Via Parallel Genetic Algorithms (AAS 99-123), James E. Smith, Ronald J. Proulx, Paul J. Cefola and John E. Draim    303

Mitigation of Differential Perturbations in Clusters of Formation Flying Satellites (AAS 99-124), Raymond J. Sedwick, David W. Miller and Edmund M. C. Kong    323

A Strategy for Maintaining Distance Between Satellites in an Orbiting Constellation (AAS 99-125), Zhaozhi Tan, Peter M. Bainum and Avaine Strong     343

Dynamics and Control of Cluster Orbits for Distributed Space Missions (AAS 99-126), C. C. Chao, J. E. Pollard and S. W. Janson    355

TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION    375

Optimal Spacecraft Trajectories Via Higher Order Differential Inclusions (AAS 99-128), V. Coverstone-Carroll, C. A. Hartman, A. L. Herman and D. B. Spencer    377

Optimization of Ascent Trajectory and Related Design Issues for an Aerial Propellant Transfer Rocketplane (AAS 99-129), Karl Gallagher    397

The Influence of Coordinate System Selection on Genetic Algorithm Optimization of Low-Thrust Spacecraft Trajectories (AAS 99-130), Wallace Fowler, Tim Crain and Jason Eisenreich     407

A Direct Trajectory Optimization Method for Constrained Interplanetary Missions (AAS 99-131), C. A. Kluever, M. L. Cupples and R. H. Kirchmyer     423

Fuel-Optimal Planar Interplanetary Trajectories Using Low-Thrust Exhaust-Modulated Propulsion (AAS 99-132), S. R. Vadali, R. Nah, E. Braden and I. L. Johnson, Jr.    431

Optimal Interplanetary Trajectory Design Via Hybrid Genetic Algorithm/Recursive Quadratic Program Search (AAS 99-133), Tim Crain, Robert H. Bishop, Wallace Fowler and Kenneth Rock    449

Optimal Aeroassisted Orbital Interception (AAS 99-134), Kazuhiro Horie and Bruce A. Conway    467

MATLAB SPECIAL SESSION    491

A Flight Mechanics Analysis of Crew Return Vehicle (CRV) / International Space Station (ISS) Safe Separation (AAS 99-135), Colleen M. Kennedy    493

The Spin Axis Attitude Determination Package (AAS 99-136), Wendy I. Sullivan, Michael A. Paluszek and Derek M. Surka     503

Software-in-the-Loop for Attitude Determination and Control System Using SIMULINK and REAL-TIME WORKSHOP^TM (AAS 99-137), Injung Kim and Jinho Kim    523

Gravity-Assist Trajectory Design With MATLAB (AAS 99-138), C. David Eagle    537

MATLAB Toolbox for Rigid Body Kinematics (AAS 99-139),  Hanspeter Schaub and John L. Junkins    549

GPS Simulation and Analysis for Reusable Launch Vehicles Using the Constellation Toolbox for MATLAB (AAS 99-140), Jimmy LaMance, Maria Evans and Jaime Fernandez     561

Control Design and Simulation of the Automated Transfer Vehicle Within the MATLAB/SIMULINK Environment (AAS 99-141), Ender St. John-Olcayto, Colin McInnes, Finn Ankersen and John Binder    569

ORBIT DETERMINATION I    581

Centimeter Level Orbit Determination for the Topex/Poseidon Altimeter Satellite (AAS 99-142), John C. Ries and Byron D. Tapley    583

Mitigating the Effects of Selective Availability for Autonomous GPS-Based Satellite Navigation (AAS 99-143), Kenn L. Gold, David Goldstein, George Born, Scott Mitchell and Bill Frazier    599

Simulations of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Mission (AAS 99-144), Jeong-Rae Kim, Peter J. Roesset, Srinivas V. Bettadpur and Byron D. Tapley    613

Determining Precise Orbits for Topex/Poseidon Within One Day of Real Time: Results and Implications (AAS 99-145), B. J. Haines, S. M. Lichten, M. F. Lough, R. J. Muellerschoen and Y. Vigue-Rodi    623

Analysis of GPS and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) Data for ICESat Precision Orbit Determination (AAS 99-146), Hyung Jin Rim, Charles Webb and Bob E. Schutz     635

Precise Orbit Determination for Mars Global Surveyor During Hiatus and SPO (AAS 99-147), F. G. Lemoine, D. D. Rowlands G. A. Neumann, D. E. Pavlis, D. S. Chinn and S. B. Luthcke     649

Radiation Pressure Forces, the Anomalous Acceleration, and Center of Mass Motion for the Topex/Poseidon Spacecraft (AAS 99-148), Daniel G. Kubitschek and George H. Born    667

ATTITUDE DYNAMICS AND CONTROLS    685

H_¥ Controller Design With Nonlinear Actuator (AAS 99-149), Shahzad Khaligh and Hussein M. Youssef    687

Bifurcation Analysis of Spacecraft Attitude Control Systems (AAS 99-150), Giulio Avanzini and Guido de Matteis    707

Adaptive Realization of Linear Closed Loop Tracking Dynamics in the Presence of Large System Model Errors (AAS 99-151), Hanspeter Schaub, Maruthi R. Akella and John L. Junkins     627

GOES-10 Safe Hold Mode Attitude Dynamics and Control During Solar Array Anomaly Operations (AAS 99-152), Edwin Harvie and André Dress    745

Limit Cycles for Improved Performance in Self-Tuning Learning Control (AAS 99-154), Sven-Lennart Wirkander and Richard W. Longman     763

Floquet Stability Analysis of Disturbance Cancellation Using Iterative Basis Function Feedback (AAS 99-155), Hao-Ping Wen and Richard W. Longman    783

ORBITAL MECHANICS    803

Preliminary Orbital Control Strategy for LISA (AAS 99-156), Robert G. Melton    805

Software for Astrodynamics (AAS 99-157), David A. Vallado     811

Evaluation of the Dynamic Environment of an Asteroid:  Applications to 433 Eros (AAS 99-158), D. J. Scheeres, B. G. Williams and J. K. Miller     835

Stability of Hovering Orbits Around Small Bodies (AAS 99-159), D. J. Scheeres    855

The Main Oblateness Perturbation Problem in DEF-Regular Elements (AAS 99-160), Ignacio Aparicio and Luis Floría     875

Three-Dimensional Periodic Solutions that Bifurcate From Halo Families in the Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem (AAS 99-161), K. C. Howell and E. T. Campbell    891

A Study of Resonance Effects on Polar Orbits About Ellipsoidal Shaped Bodies (AAS 99-162), Travis A. Becker and Henry J. Pernicka    911

ATTITUDE DETERMINATION    931

Precession of Angular Momentum Cone in Free Pitch Tumble of RADARSAT in Orbit (AAS 99-163), Said R. Marandi    933

High Accuracy Attitude Determination and Control of the DIVA Mission (AAS 99-164), Stephan Theil, Matthias Wiegand and Hans J. Rath     943

GLAS Spacecraft Attitude Determination Using CCD Star Tracker and 3-Axis Gyros (AAS 99-165), Sungkoo Bae and Bob E. Schutz    961

Gyrocompassing by Intermittent GPS Interpherometry (AAS 99-166), Leonardo Mazzini and Lino Russo    981

Adaptive Kalman Filtering for Multipath Rejection in GPS Based Attitude Determination (AAS 99-167), Franco Bernelli-Zazzera and Roberto Campana    995

ORBITAL DEBRIS    1011

Determination of Close Approaches Based on Ellipsoidal Threat Volumes (AAS 99-170), Vincent Coppola and James Woodburn    1013

Comparison of Optical and Radar Orbital Debris Measurements (AAS 99-171), Thomas J. Settecerri, John L. Africano and Eugene G. Stansbery    1025

Preliminary Results From the NASA Orbital Debris Observatory (AAS 99-172), John V. Lambert, John L. Africano and Eugene G. Stansbery    1035

Study of Perturbation Effects on Space Debris in Supersynchronous Orbits (AAS 99-173), Kim Luu, Chris Sabol and Robert D. Culp    1053

Computation of Orbital Conjunctions and Collision Prediction Methods (AAS 99-174), David M. Henderson    1073

Determination and Modeling of Error Densities in Ephemeris Prediction (AAS 99-175), Judson P. Jones and Martin Beckerman    1083

NAVIGATION AND CONTROL    1097

Self-Contained Autonomous Navigation System for Deep Space Missions (AAS 99-177), Yanping Guo    1099

A New Solution for the Rendezvous Problem (AAS 99-178), Victor R. Bond    1115

 Orbit Attainment and Maintenance for the Geosat Follow-On (GFO) Satellite (AAS 99-180), Scott Mitchell    1145

SP-Search: A New Algorithm for Star Pattern Recognition (AAS 99-181), Daniele Mortari    1165

Star Pattern Recognition and Mirror Assembly Misalignment for DIGISTAR II and III Multiple FOVs Star Sensors (AAS 99-182), Daniele Mortari and Michela Angelucci    1175

Optimal Best-Fitting of Numerical Data: Part II (AAS 99-183), Daniele Mortari and Beny Neta    1185

ORBIT DETERMINATION II    1199

Bias Estimation Technique for Geosynchronous Orbit Determination (AAS 99-184), S. Kawase    1201

Orbit Determination for Medium-Altitude Eccentric Orbits Using GPS (AAS 99-186), Joseph G. Neelon, Jr., Ronald J. Proulx, Paul J. Cefola and John E. Draim    1213

Accelerometry-Aided Precise Orbit Determination of Low-Earth Satellites (AAS 99-187), Stefano Casotto and Alberto Zin     1237

Stochastically Estimating Geodynamic Parameters From LAGEOS SLR Data (AAS 99-188), Brian D. Hartman and George W. Rosborough    1259

Precise Orbit Determination of the Low Altitude Spacecraft TRMM, GFZ-1, and EP/EUVE Using Improved Drag Models (AAS 99-189), C. M. Cox and F. G. Lemoine    1277

The Importance of Semi-Major Axis Knowledge in the Determination of Near-Circular Orbits (AAS 99-190), J. Russell Carpenter and Emil R. Schiesser    1297

TETHER APPLICATIONS    1311

Dynamics of the ASTOR Tethered Satellite System (AAS 99-191), Andre P. Mazzoleni and John H. Hoffman    1313

Dynamical, Electrical and Thermal Coupling in a New Class of Electrodynamic Tethered Satellites (AAS 99-192), E. C. Lorenzini, R. D. Estes, M. L. Cosmo and J. Peláez    1333

Approximate Solutions for Tethered Satellite Motion (AAS 99-193), S. Cho, J. E. Cochran Jr. and D. A. Cicci    1345

On the Radial Oscillation of an Electrodynamic Tether (AAS 99-194), J. Peláez, O. Lopez-Rebollal, M. Ruiz, E. C. Lorenzini and M. L. Cosmo    1361

Slingshot Orbital Injection Revisited (AAS 99-195), Manuel Ruiz and Jesús Peláez    1381

A Method for the Identification of a Tethered Satellite (AAS 99-196), D. A. Cicci, T. A. Lovell and C. Qualls    1399

SATELLITE TRACKING AND TARGETING    1419

Satellite Tracking Using Ambient RF (STAR): Overview (AAS 99-198), Wayne M. Rezzonico and Charles T. Krinsky    1421

Satellite Tracking Using Ambient RF (STAR): Orbit Estimation (AAS 99-199), Robert A. Racca    1441

Satellite Tracking Using Ambient RF (STAR): Calibration Methodology (AAS 99-200), Mark F. Storz    1459

Reducing Selective Availability Effects on Post-Processed Orbits for Satellites With Limited GPS Telemetry (AAS 99-201), David Mickler, Penina Axelrad and George Born     1477

Variation of Parameters Methods Embedding the Jacobi Integral Resulting From Energy Parameter Selection (AAS  99-202), Robert G. Gottlieb    1491

Refinement of Satellite Ballistic Factors for the Estimation of Atmosphere Density Variations and Improved LEO Orbit Prediction (AAS 99-203), Paul J. Cefola, Andrey I. Nazarenko and Vasiliy Yurasov    1511

APPENDICES    1549

Publications of the American Astronautical Society    1551

Advances in the Astronautical Sciences     1552
Science and Technology Series    1559
AAS History Series    1565

INDEX    1567

Numerical Index    1569

Author Index    1575