Section Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2.0 MISSION SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3.0 TRAJECTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4.0 SPACECRAFT SYSTEMS PERFORMANCE . . . . . . . . . . 19

4.1 DOCKING MODULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4.1.1 Compatible Docking Systems . . . . . . . . 21

4.1.2 Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

4.1.3 Thermal Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

4.1.4 Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

4.1.5 Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

4.1.6 Displays and Controls . . . . . . . . . . . 23

4.1.7 Electrical Power Distribution . . . . . . . 23

4.1.8 Environmental Control and Life Support . . 23

4.2 COMMAND AND SERVICE MODULES . . . . . . . . . 24

4.2.1 Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

4.2.2 Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

4.2.3 Thermal Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

4.2.4 Sequencing and Electrical Power Distribution 25

4.2.5 Communications and Ranging . . . . . . . . 25

4.2.6 Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

4.2.7 Displays and Controls . . . . . . . . . . . 26

4.2.8 Guidance, Navigation and Control systems . . 27

4.2.9 Propulsion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4.2.10 Fuel Cells and Cryogenic Storage . . . . . 32

4.2.11 Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4.2.12 Environmental Control . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4.3 COMMAND AND SERVICE MODULE CONSUMABLES 35

4.3.1 Service Propulsion System . . . . . . . . . 35

4.3.2 Reaction Control System Propellant . . . . 36

4.3.3 Cryogenic Storage System . . . . . . . . . 37

4.3.4 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

5.0 CREW STATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

5.1 CREW PROVISIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

5.2 SUITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

5.3 CREW HEIGHT MEASUREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

6.0 EXPERIMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

6.1 SPACE SCIENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

6.1.1 Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement Experiment . . . . 45

6.1.2 Soft X-Ray Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . 45

6.1.3 Ultraviolet Absorption Experiment . . . . . 46

6.1.4 Extreme Ultraviolet Survey Experiment . . . 47

6.1.5 Helium Glow Experiment . . . . . . . . . . 48

6.1.6 Doppler Tracking Experiment . . . . . . . . 48

6.1.7 Geodynamics Experiment . . . . . . . . . . 49

6.1.8 Earth Observations and Photography Experiment . . . 50

6.1.9 Artificial Solar Eclipse Experiment . . . . 50

6.1.10 Crystal Activation Experiment . . . . . . . 55

6.2 LIFE SCIENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

6.2.1 Microbial Exchange Experiment . . . . . . . 55

6.2.2 Light Flash Experiment . . . . . . . . . . 57

6.2.3 Biostack Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

6.2.4 Zone-Forming Fungi Experiment . . . . . . . 59

6.2.5 Killifish Hatching and Orientation Experiment . . . . . 60

6.2.6 Cellular Immune Response Experiment . . . . 61

6.2.7 Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Response
Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . 62

6.3 TECHNOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

6.3.1 Multipurpose Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . 62

6.3.2 Electrophoresis Technology Experiment . . . 65

6.3.3 Electrophoresis-German Experiment . . . . . 66

6.3.4 Crystal Growth Experiment . . . . . . . . . 67

7.0 INFLIGHT DEMONSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

7.1 CAPILLARY WICKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

7.2 LIQUID SPREADING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

7.3 CHEMICAL FOAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

7.4 PHYSICS DEMONSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

8.0 JOINT FLIGHT ACTIVITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

9.0 BIOMEDICAL EVALUATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

9.1 BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION AND
PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

9.2 INFLIGHT MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . 87

9.2.1 Adaptation to Weightlessness . . . . . . . 87

9.2.2 Body Fluid Shifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

9.2.3 Crew Transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

9.2.4 Medications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

9.2.5 Sleep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

9.2.6 Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

9.3 FOOD AND WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

9.3.1 Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

9.3.2 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

9.4 PREFLIGHT PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS . . . . . . . . . . 94

9.5 CREW EXPOSURE TO NITROGEN TETROXIDE FUMES
AND POSTFLIGHT PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS . . . . . 94

10.0 PILOT'S REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

10.1 CREW OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

10.1.1 Final Prelaunch Activities . . . . . . . . 97

10.1.2 Launch Through Docking Module Extraction . . . . . 97

10.1.3 Rendezvous and Docking . . . . . . . . . . 98

10.1.4 Joint Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

10.1.5 Solo Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

10.1.6 Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

10.1.7 Landing and Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . 101

10.2 FLIGHT PLANNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

10.3 HOUSEKEEPING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

10.4 MEALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

10.5 TRAINING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

10.5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

10.5.2 Russian Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

11.0 MISSION SUPPORT PERFORMANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

11.2 NETWORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

11.3 RECOVERY OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

11.3.1 Prelaunch Through Orbital Insertion . . . . 110

11.3.2 Orbital Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

11.3.3 End-of-Mission Support . . . . . . . . . . 110

11.3.4 Command Module Location and Retrieval . . . 113

12.0 ASSESSMENT OF MISSION OBJECTIVES AND TECHNICAL
INVESTIGATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

13.0 LAUNCH PHASE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

13.1 WEATHER CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

13.2 ELECTRICAL FIELD MEASUREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . 123

13.3 LAUNCH VEHICLE PERFORMANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

14.0 ANOMALY SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

14.1 COMMAND AND SERVICE MODULE, DOCKING MODULE,
AND GOVERNMENT FURNISHED EQUIPMENT . . . . . 131

14.1.1 Docking Probe Pyrotechnic Connector Interference 131

14.1.2 Toxic Gas Entered Cabin During Earth Landing
Sequence 134

14.1.3 Color Information Lost From Video Tape
Recorder Dump 141

14.1.4 Television Camera Exhibited Spurious Flashes in
the Video and Color Breakup . . . . . 143

14.1.5 Cryogenic Oxygen Tank 1 Quantity Measurement
Failed 146

14.1.6 Service Module Reaction Control System Quad A
Helium Tank Temperature Failed . . . . . 148

14.1.7 Cryogenic Oxygen Tank 2 Pressure Measurement
Was Intermittent . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

14.1.8 Primary Evaporator Outlet Temperature
Measurement Failed . . . . . . . . . . . 153

14.1.9 Caution and Warning Tone Inaudible . . . . 155

14.1.10 Inertial Subsystem Warnings and Coupling Data
Unit Fail Indications . . . . . . . . . . 157

14.1.11 Intermittent Attitude Display on Flight Director
Attitude Indicator 1 When in Orbital Rate . . . . . . . 159

14.1.12 Bioinstrumentation System Data Erratic . . 161

14.2 EXPERIMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

14.2.1 Soft X-Ray Experiment Problems . . . . . . 164

14.2.2 Ultraviolet Absorption Experiment Nitrogen
Lamp Intensity Monitor Output Erratic . . . . . . . . . 169

14.2.3 Doppler Tracking Experiment Data Recorder
Reel Immobile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

14.2.4 Electrophoresis Technology Experiment
Unit Leaked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

15.0 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

16.0 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

APPENDIX A - SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION . . . . . . 181

A.1 DOCKING MODULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

A.2 SOYUZ SPACECRAFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

A.3 APOLLO SPACECRAFT, CREW EQUIPMENT,
AND STOWAGE CONFIGURATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

A.4 APPLICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE 6 . . . . . . 227

A.5 EXPERIMENT HARDWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

APPENDIX B - ASTP SUMMARY AS-FLOWN FLIGHT PLAN . . . . . . 237

APPENDIX C - SPACECRAFT HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

APPENDIX D - SPACECRAFT MASS PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . 275

APPENDIX E - POSTFLIGHT TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

APPENDIX F - DATA AVAILABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

APPENDIX G - CONVERSION SCALES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

APPENDIX H - GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

APPENDIX I - MISSION REPORT SUPPLEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . 291